Land and Forest Governance in Swat

The book covers in detail and shows how forests have been managed and used in the Swat State areas and Kalam from the sixteenth century CE until 2007. As forestry issues and the related complexities can not be properly understood without having adequate and thorough knowledge of land tenure and ownership system, this aspect has also been covered. And the political and administrative dimension is also imperative, pivotal and crucial to understand. Based on primary sources from archival record, published and unpublished material, and personal interviews; the book covers topics of great interest for a variety of audience. Each issue discussed has been fully researched and addressed with appropriate and knowledgeable commentary. Chapter 1 gives an introduction to the study. Chapter 2 gives an overview of the political history of the area. Chapter 3 examines the land tenure and ownership perspective. Chapter 4 evaluates and analyses the forestry issues from sixteenth century till 1917. Chapter 5 discusses and evaluates the period 1917-1947. Chapter 6 deals with the era from August 1947 till August 1969. Chapter 7 evaluates and analyses the post-Swat State period from 1969 till 2007. Chapter 8 discusses and evaluates the Gawri tract or Kalam from sixteenth century till 1947. Chapter 9 examines the Kalam area from 1947 till 2007. Chapter 10 contains concluding summery/remarks based on the research findings.